Old CSS, New CSS (2020)

Ar thús na hoibre, nuair a thagann muid ar an réimse teochtúla den dearadh gréasáin, is minic a dhéantar dearmad ar na dúshláin a bhí le sárú chun a bhaint amach na huirlisí cumhachtacha atá againn inniu. Ba é CSS, nó duilleogaí stíl chaschaidí, an réabhlóid a ghlan na geantróga seo go luath. Le blianta, bhí dearthóirí ag brath ar chluichí HTML neamhéifeachtúla mar ‘cluiche cóir’ agus ar fhormhór blianta, d’fhaíodai trí thacar spáis féin. I mo thuairimse, is léirsiú é CSS ar an athrú cruthaitheach agus teicneolaíochta nach féidir a cheilt a muinín orainn i gcónaí.

Is minic a rinneadh cur síos ar CSS mar ‘spiorad scriosta’ na bhforbróirí tosaigh, ach tá an scéal i bhfad níos casta agus níos spreagúla. Ag tús ré CSS, bhí feidhmeanna cosúil le ‘floats’ agus ‘positions’ a cuireadh i bhfeidhm chun leagan amach a mhúnlú, ach chruthaigh siad mearbhall agus míshástacht go minic i measc úsáideoirí a bhí ag streachailt le comhoiriúnacht brabhsáil. Mar shampla, tá cásanna luatha mar baint úsáide as <font> in ionad rialuithe níos saibhre mar <span> le cúpla cliant ardaigh seans ag láimhseáil CSS.

Ag gluaiseacht ar aghaidh ó na 1990idí go luath, cé chomh feidhmiúil agus a thug CSS coigeartuithe simplí ar na fadhbacha a bhain le laigí an dearadh sin, tá ár ndóthain fianaise againn ar a chumas ollmhór, go háirithe i bhfoirm Flexbox agus CSS Grid. Tá na samhlacha nua seo níos inoiriúnaithe agus níos solúbtha, ag ligean do fhorbróirí struchtúir leathanach a chumrú le beagán iarrachta agus cód.

Mar shampla, úsáideann go leor forbróirí an lá atá inniu ann Flexbox mar a gcéad rogha i gcásanna móra suíomhanna, mar gheall ar a solúbthacht i leagan amach comhdhlúthaithe agus freagra. Cuireann Flexbox huirlisí ar fáil cosúil le ‘justify-content’, ‘align-items’ agus ‘flex-wrap’ a rinne réabhlóid ar an gcumas leagan amach a bhainistiú, ag tairiscint smacht i bhfad níos fearr i gcomparáid leis na luachanna ‘float’ agus ‘position’ a bhí ann roimhe seo.

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Agus muid ag díriú ar CSS Grid, is féidir linn a fheiceáil conas a d’éirigh leis na laigí sin a bhaineann le Flexbox a shárú trí struchtúir níos casta a thairiscint a chuimsíonn córais gréasáin iomlána gan stró. Fréamhaíonn Grid i ndealraíocht tábla—nasc sin a rinneadh amach in aimsir tosaigh an CSS—ach leas a bhaint as an ngaireacht agus an solúbthacht i bhfad níos airde. Mar shampla, trí úsáid a bhaint as ‘grid-template-columns’ agus ‘grid-gap’, is féidir le forbróirí leaganacha casta a dhearadh nach bhféadfaí a bhaint amach roimhe seo.

Ceann de na pointí is suntasaí i stair CSS ná conas a chaith sé le hoiriúnú go dtí éilimh na n-úsáideoirí agus treochtaí na teicneolaíochta. Mar shampla, beimíd ag súil le feabhsuithe ar thacaíocht do phróiseálú íomhánna agus ullmhúchán níos fearr do bhogearraí, go háirithe úsáideoirí soghluaiste a cheadaíonn do thoiliú dinimic nua agus cumhachtaí JavaScript níos forleithne.

Ní féidir a shéanadh go bhfuil bealaí fada déanta ag CSS ó na laethanta tosaigh. Cé go bhfuil dúshláin ann go fóill, mar shampla le comhoiriúnacht tras-brabhsálaí nó leis na heilimintí nua mar ‘CSS Grid’ nach bhfuil láidir go leor go fóill, tá an dul chun cinn soiléir. Tá cló na gluaiseachta seo scríofa go soiléir i nascleanúint agus in uirlisí comhaimseartha a chuireann ar chumas níos mó nuála agus cruthaitheachta ná riamh roimhe seo.

Agus muid ag dúnadh ar an iliomad gnéithe atá léirithe sa stair seo de CSS, tá sé soiléir go mbeidh baint ag teicneolaíochtaí nua, mar an Houdini API agus WASM, i bhforbairt CSS amach anseo, ag soláthar níos mó solúbthachta agus cumhachta do fhorbróirí ar fud an domhain. Leis an ngníomhaíocht leanúnach seo i dteicneolaíocht gréasáin, is cinnte go mbeidh todhchaí geal ag CSS agus ag a chomhghleacaithe sa réimse digiteach.


Comments

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